At the start of last year I took the “Women are not small men” course with Dr Stacy Sims. And I’ve been meaning to write this blog ever since but I’ve felt like I am still on a learning journey – and part of me really wanted to test it out and see if it worked. Over the last 18 months there have been so many “ah-ha!” moments, and “why was I not taught this before?” moments. Let’s be real, the history of women’s sport is not as long as men’s – for example, the women’s marathon only became an Olympic event in 1984, and until recently most sports science studies have been done on College age males, and most studies that have included women have ignored factors like hormonal fluctuation over the menstrual cycle because its “too complicated”. When I first saw the quote “women are not small men” I thought it was an odd thing to say, like “duh!” but if you look at the nutritional and training guidelines for athletes and really look at them, that’s exactly how they treat women!! There is still so much work to be done in this area but it is an area that is growing more and more, thanks to amazing women like Dr Stacy Sims. Women are already making huge jumps in performance, imagine how much further we can go when nutritional guidelines and training plans are actually geared to our specific needs!

Knowledge is power, and being able to use that knowledge is empowering. So where do we start? Well, I guess we start with the foundation of the female difference – the menstrual cycle. We were probably all taught in school that the female cycle is 28 days, starting with your period, ovulation occurring on in the middle and then if pregnancy doesn’t happen then the lining of the uterus sheds and the whole cycle starts again. Simple, right? Well, yes and no. Let’s talk about the what actually happens on a hormonal level.
We can divide the menstrual cycle into 3 phases – the follicular phase, ovulation and the luteal phase. The follicular, or low hormone phase starts with menstruation when our hormone levels drop causing the endometrial lining to shed. In this phase, we are most similar hormonally to men as our estrogen and progesterone levels (the main female sex hormones) are at their lowest. During this phase most women will feel more energetic and stronger, and be more geared to higher intensity training. This lasts until ovulation when we have a surge of estrogen and lutenising hormone, which brings us to the ovulatory phase. The ovulatory phase lasts roughly 5 days beginning the day before ovulation occurs. As we get a surge of estrogen we can often hit PBs around this time – some women will feel great during ovulation but for others they might feel flat the day of ovulation and 24-48 hours after. After ovulation our progesterone and estrogen levels rise as our endometrial lining thickens in preparation for pregnancy which is what we call our luteal, or high hormone phase. As our hormones rise this is when we may feel more fatigued, have difficulty hitting high intensities and recovering, especially during the last few days before our periods start.
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The reason these fluctuations in hormones have such an impact over how we
feel and perform as an athlete is because they have affects far beyond just our
reproductive health. They change how our body stores or burns glycogen, our
heat tolerance, how much time we need to recover and how well we sleep.
Tracking how we feel, how long our cycles are, when/if we ovulate is important,
and once you learn to tune in to your body and work with these fluctuations, it
can also be super empowering. Knowing how to make adjustments to your training
and/or your nutrition to help you perform and adapt for maximum benefit can
make all the difference. And being able to recognise if there are changes to
your cycle sooner can help you to stay healthy and injury free by enabling to
address imbalances in your energy intake or inadequate recovery.
So where should you start? Before making any changes to your training or
nutrition based on your cycle I would recommend spending 3 or more cycles just
tracking to see where you are and get an idea or your normal. There are many
apps that you can choose from to assist you with this, or simply making a note
in your diary if that is what you prefer. This all comes down to preference
really. There are lots of apps to track your cycle alone – lots of these are
geared towards fertility or contraceptive awareness method. Commonly used ones
include Kindara or Flo. You may find these helpful if you are just starting
out, for example, I like to use Kindara to track my basal temperature to see when
I ovulate and my hormones shift into the high hormone/luteal phase.
There are also a couple of really great apps specifically for female
athletes that help you track your cycle with your training and make
recommendations on interventions or training adaptations based on where you are
in your cycle. FitrWoman is the first one I used. It splits your cycle into
four phases and gives you guidelines for each phase, including some really
great recipe ideas. At the end of each day you can log the intensity of your
training as well as symptoms, feelings, etc. There is also a platform for
coaches to be able to log in and see where their athletes are in their cycle
and what symptoms they have logged so they can help you make adjustments to
your training.

For the last 8 months or so I have been using a relatively new
app that Dr. Stacy Sims helped to create called WILD.AI and I have to say that
for me I find this the best. When you set it up you can choose your lifecycle
(ie. natural cycling, IUD, menopausal, etc), some these I believe are still in
the beta testing phase. I love this app because it gives you the option to
choose one of their plans which it will base around your cycle, but it will
also allow you to input your own training for the day and based on that it will
give you pre and post training recommendations for nutrition, recovery and it
will prompt you to check in after your session (it can link you your Garmin or
Strava) and log how you felt during the workout which can be great so you can
really see where your body is at. The specific nutrition recommendations in
this app have been a game changer for me – adjusting the timing of my
pre-training fuel and slightly increasing my carbohydrate intake has made so
much difference to my performance and how I feel during my training sessions.
Cycle tracking and being able use that knowledge to tune into our bodies and
to perform better is so empowering. Having a menstrual cycle is a superpower,
not something to be embarrassed about or to fear. Embrace your superpower.







